Uncharted Worlds Pty Ltd Sydney  ·  +61 407 229 002

I have spent forty years establishing whether numbers are true.

Michael Charters — Director. Legacy SAS migration, decommissioning and numerical assurance.

Thermal plant efficiency. Mainframe chargeback. Securities amortisation. Statutory tax. A billion dollars reconciled against Medicare. Court statistics reported to Parliament. Whether a migrated pricing engine still gives the same answer. And now, whether a language model is telling you the truth. The domain changes. The job does not.

Parallel run · cycle 14WC pricing
SourceModelled outcome
Legacy (mainframe EDW)0.00
Replacement (SQL Server)0.00
Variance  Within tolerance

This is the moment every migration is judged on. Not whether the code converted — whether the numbers agree, and whether anyone will sign that they do.

01The problem

Converting the code is the easy half.

Most organisations planning to retire a SAS estate cannot answer three questions with confidence: what is actually in there, what depends on it, and what it will genuinely cost to move.

The estate has usually grown over fifteen or twenty years. Documentation is partial or gone. The people who wrote it have left. Undocumented business rules have accumulated — someone patched a variable in 2011 to fix a reporting problem and never wrote it down. A hardcoded date sits in a macro nobody has opened since its author retired.

Conversion tooling will quote on line counts. Line counts do not tell you which lines feed a regulator-facing number, which variables have no equivalent in the target platform, which code is dormant and can simply be deleted, or where the reconciliation will fail six months in.

These programs rarely fail at translation. They fail at validation — at the moment an actuary, a risk committee or an external auditor asks how anyone knows the new numbers match the old ones. By then the budget is committed and the legacy platform has a decommissioning date.

Generative AI has sharpened this rather than solved it. Translation is now close to free, which means validation is a larger share of the remaining risk than it has ever been.

02Evidence

2022–2023 · Major Australian general insurer · Sole developer

Actuarial pricing platform migration

A twenty-year-old, undocumented workers compensation actuarial pricing system running against a legacy mainframe warehouse that was being retired. Pricing outcomes had to stay defensible to auditors throughout.

I reverse-engineered two decades of undocumented SAS to establish the system's actual behaviour, mapped legacy variables to their replacements on the new platform in SQL Server, built the end-to-end ETL, and designed and ran the parallel-run cycles — verified by internal analysts, actuaries and executives, and by external audit. Mid-project I architected a workaround enabling remote SQL submission to bypass a SAS configuration limit that threatened delivery.

Old-versus-new outcomes came in within tolerance. The program was signed off. The code ran clean in production through every monthly cycle after project close.

This was a multi-year, multi-million-dollar transformation program on which several external provider arrangements across audit and technology consulting were restructured and stood down during delivery. I was retained to completion, and my final deliverable was presented to senior management and led to sign-off.

14
Parallel-run cycles
7 months
Reconciliation
1
Developer
100%
Remote

2007–2009 · Australian Department of Veterans' Affairs

Matching 27 million pharmaceutical records

Pharmaceutical claim data moves between Veterans' Affairs and Medicare at enormous volume. I wrote the extraction and reporting behind the matching of 27 million records representing $1 billion in payments — agreed to the penny.

Alongside it, I consolidated three years of pharmacy data feeds, applying business rules that automated the elimination of historical redundancy, and compiled ten years of pharmaceutical data from disparate sources into research extracts for an independent university study into NSAID use. Delivered across mainframe SAS, COBOL, IMS DB/DC, DB2 and JCL, co-ordinated with Medicare Australia and the department's data warehousing and medication management functions.

27M
Records
$1B
In payments
To the penny
Agreement

2009–2011 · NSW Department of Attorney General & Justice

Statistics platform transition

Managed the technical side of a major transition of data collection platforms — analysing, rationalising, simplifying and rewriting effectively every SAS and SQL program the Local Courts Statistics Unit depended on, and upgrading the estate from SAS 8.2 to 9.1.3 while testing every customisation through the change.

I redesigned the state-wide collection templates and coded QA edits that stopped errors at the point of entry, sharply reducing both error rates and the monthly effort required from court staff. Reporting went to NSW Parliament, the Chief Magistrate, the Director of Court Services and the Assistant Attorney General.

155
Court registries
Thousands
SAS tables managed
8.2 → 9.1.3
Estate upgrade
03Engagement

SAS Estate Discovery & Migration Readiness Assessment

$48,000+ GST
Four weeks  ·  Fixed  ·  50% on commencement, 50% on delivery
Covers estates to approx. 500 programs and macros

Before you commit a budget, you get an accurate picture of what you are actually moving — and an honest estimate rather than an optimistic one.

It stands alone. Take the findings and run the migration internally, or put them to another provider, and the engagement has done its job.

  1. Program and job inventory. Every program, macro, stored process and scheduled job, with size, last-modified date, execution frequency and probable owner — including the orphaned and dormant code, routinely a third of what is found.
  2. Dependency and data lineage map. Source system through to final report. This is what tells you which parts can be retired immediately, which are load-bearing, and what breaks if moved in the wrong order.
  3. Variable-level gap analysis. Which legacy fields have clean equivalents in the target, which need transformation, and which have none. Regulatory and financially significant gaps flagged individually.
  4. Ranked risk register. Showstoppers named explicitly — configuration limits, undocumented business rules, licensing dependencies, single points of knowledge failure.
  5. Costed migration options. Two or three viable routes with effort estimates, indicative cost ranges and timelines, including partial retirement where full migration is not justified.
  6. Reconciliation and tolerance strategy. How equivalence gets proven, what tolerance is defensible, how many parallel-run cycles to budget, and who must sign off and on what evidence. This is the section that determines whether your program completes.
  7. Executive summary and presentation. Two pages for the steering committee, plus a walkthrough delivered to your sponsor and stakeholders.
04Government

Accredited, and straightforward to engage.

Uncharted Worlds Pty Ltd is an accredited supplier to the NSW Government under the ICT Services Scheme. For engagements within the relevant threshold, agencies may negotiate directly with an accredited supplier rather than going to market — which is why the assessment is offered at a fixed price.

Three decades delivering into NSW and Commonwealth agencies: the NSW Department of Attorney General & Justice, NSW Ministry of Health, the National Disability Insurance Agency, the Department of Veterans' Affairs and the Department of Human Services. Every one of them an independent contract through this company.

Supplier statusAccredited — NSW Government ICT Services Scheme
EntityUncharted Worlds Pty Ltd, ASIC-registered 1995 — same director throughout
ABN / ACN39 071 410 707  /  071 410 707
Business typeAustralian-owned SME, NSW-based
PaymentsRegistered for faster payments
InsuranceProfessional indemnity and public liability — certificates of currency on request
Delivery modelDirector only. No subcontracting, no offshore component, no rotating team
LocationRemote from Surry Hills, Sydney, in Australian time zones
05Method

One accountable person, and the risk where it belongs.

Delivered by me personally. No subcontracting, no offshore component, no rotating team. Remotely from Sydney, in Australian time zones.

That last point is demonstrated rather than asserted: the most recent comparable program ran entirely remotely for a nationally distributed team including its directors, across seven months and fourteen parallel-run cycles, to external audit sign-off. Remote delivery keeps more of the budget on the work.

What you are buying is someone who can read the system nobody documented — and who knows which parts of a machine-generated conversion to distrust before an auditor finds them.

Engagements are structured so the risk sits where it belongs. Discovery is fixed price. Design and build run against fixed milestones, priced from the discovery findings. Parallel-run cycles are charged per cycle, because cycle count is driven by your reviewers and auditors — so you keep control of that spend, and I carry no incentive to extend it.

06Record

Forty years of measurement.

The claim at the top of this page is not a slogan. It is the only description that fits the record.

Selected engagements, 1984 – present
PeriodOrganisationWhat was being established
1984Forest Protection Ltd / NB ForestrySpruce budworm egg mass counts — whether a government spray program was actually working
1985NB Health & Community ServicesCoding anonymous health questionnaire responses on social issues for analysis
1987NB PowerThermocouples and pressure gauges in heater bays at 45°C — whether thermal plants delivered rated efficiency
1988–92Crown Life Insurance, TorontoAmortisation and cash flow projection across $4B of securities; capacity planning and chargeback reconciling actual CICS, IMS, DASD and TSO consumption against billing. Corporate quality excellence award
1992–93Xerox, Toronto17 financial systems on 24/7 call; year-end reconciliation co-ordinated across Canada and the US
1994Westpac Banking Corporation22 COBOL procedures reporting every customer account movement above $10,000 per day
1994–96AMPFlexi-Lifetime Super (Certificate of Recognition); analysis of database synchronisation failures — where two systems disagreed, and why
1996–99American ExpressFour Asia-Pacific co-brand card launches; statutory compliance for Malaysian GST collection and the Taiwan Government Uniform Invoice tax
2000–01NRMAFault analysis of IMS/DB2 interface programs in Claims Financial
2007–09Dept of Veterans' Affairs27 million pharmaceutical records, $1 billion, reconciled against Medicare to the penny
2009CitiImpact analysis for migrating credit limit assignment and risk functionality out of SAS to FICO TRIAD
2009–11NSW Attorney General & JusticeStatistics platform transition; QA edits stopping errors at entry across 155 court registries; reporting to Parliament
2012News LtdFirst Google Analytics Premium implementation in the Southern Hemisphere, across 40 properties; training for 350 staff in three cities
2015Dept of Human ServicesDecommissioning mainframe SAS and migrating to Linux
2016–17NSW Ministry of HealthEpidemiological integrated care study across local health districts
2017OzTAMHundreds of millions of rows of audience measurement into ranking reports for six broadcasters
2018–19National Disability Insurance AgencyActuarial and participant risk stratification for the Office of the Scheme Actuary; first programmer to run reports on the agency's new $14M SAS grid; logistic regression establishing which variables genuinely drive outcomes
2022–23Major Australian insurerFourteen parallel-run cycles proving a migrated actuarial pricing engine still agreed, to external audit sign-off
2019–Uncharted Worlds Pty LtdCloud analytics platform on GCP; LLM training and fine-tuning; a compliance engine that reads NDIS and ACCC legislation and tests real provider data against it
2025–University of SydneyMaster of Biostatistics — the formal discipline of separating signal from noise
07Questions

What buyers ask.

What does the assessment involve?
Four weeks producing a full inventory of every program, macro, stored process and scheduled job; a dependency and data lineage map; a variable-level gap analysis against your target platform; a ranked risk register; costed migration options; and a reconciliation strategy setting out how equivalence will be proven and who has to sign it off. It closes with a two-page executive summary and a walkthrough for your steering committee.
How much does it cost and what are the terms?
$48,000 plus GST, fixed. Four weeks from the date access is granted. Fifty per cent on commencement and fifty per cent on delivery, fourteen day terms. Not subject to variation unless scope is changed in writing.
What if our estate is much larger than typical?
The fixed price covers estates up to approximately 500 programs and macros, which covers most. Larger estates are quoted after a short no-cost sizing call — a 3,000-program estate is a materially different job, and pretending otherwise would mean either overcharging you or underdelivering.
Can NSW Government agencies engage Uncharted Worlds directly?
Yes. Uncharted Worlds Pty Ltd is an accredited supplier under the NSW Government ICT Services Scheme. For engagements within the relevant threshold, agencies may negotiate directly with an accredited supplier rather than going to market, and the assessment is priced with that in mind.
We already have a code conversion tool. What does this add?
Conversion tools translate code, and they do it well. They do not tell you which lines feed a regulator-facing number, which variables have no equivalent in the target platform, which code is dormant and can simply be deleted, or how you will prove to an auditor that the new outputs match the old ones. These programs rarely fail at translation. They fail at validation.
What access do you need?
Read access to the SAS estate — code, logs and metadata — and read access to the target platform schema where a target has been chosen. No write access is required or requested. Around six hours of subject matter expert time across the four weeks, in short sessions, and a named sponsor with authority to accept the findings.
Will you write any code during the assessment?
No production code, and no change to any production system. Analysis tooling is used to inventory and trace the estate, but the deliverable is the assessment itself. Its purpose is to let you commit to the next phase against an accurate estimate rather than an optimistic one.
What happens if we want to proceed to the build?
Delivery is priced after discovery, because until the estate is mapped nobody can quote it honestly. Design and build run against fixed milestones. Parallel-run reconciliation is charged per cycle. Implementation, post-go-live verification and handover are fixed.
Is the assessment fee credited against the build?
No, deliberately. If it were creditable you would reasonably wonder whether the recommendation had been shaped by the follow-on work. The assessment is designed to stand alone, so you finish it entirely free to take the findings to your own team or another provider. That independence is most of what you are paying for.
How many parallel-run cycles should we budget for?
More than most programs assume. A genuinely complex estate can run to double figures — the most recent comparable program took fourteen over seven months. Cycle count is driven by your reviewers and auditors rather than by development speed, which is why cycles are charged individually and you keep control of that spend.
What if we decide not to migrate at all?
That is a legitimate outcome and sometimes the right one. The options paper includes partial retirement, and where a full migration is not justified the assessment will say so. You will also have a documented estate, which is valuable in itself if the people who wrote it have left.
Do you work remotely?
Remote delivery from Sydney is the standard arrangement. The most recent comparable program ran entirely remotely across a nationally distributed team including its directors, for seven months, through fourteen parallel-run cycles to external audit sign-off. Work is performed in Australian time zones.
Who actually does the work?
Michael Charters, personally. No subcontracting, no offshore component and no rotating team. Forty years in enterprise and regulated data, SAS Certified, director of Uncharted Worlds Pty Ltd since 1995.
Which clients do you take on?
NSW Government agencies, where Uncharted Worlds is an accredited supplier under the ICT Services Scheme. Australian federal agencies, with prior delivery at the Department of Veterans' Affairs and the Department of Human Services. And regulated private-sector organisations — insurers, banks and superannuation funds — operating comparable SAS estates.
Are you insured?
Professional indemnity and public liability cover is in place, with certificates of currency provided on request. Uncharted Worlds Pty Ltd has been ASIC-registered and trading since 1995, ABN 39 071 410 707.
08Principal

Michael Charters

Forty years in enterprise and regulated data — general and workers compensation insurance, actuarial pricing, credit risk, life insurance and superannuation, government health, disability, pharmaceutical and justice data.

I started on mainframes in 1988 — SAS, COBOL, PL/I, IMS, JCL, DB2 — building securities and actuarial systems in Toronto before moving to Sydney. That background is not nostalgia. It is the reason I can open a twenty-year-old undocumented estate and work out what it actually does, rather than what its documentation claims.

I founded Uncharted Worlds in 1995 and have been its director since. Almost every engagement in my career has been delivered as an independent contract through it — QBE, the National Disability Insurance Agency, NSW Ministry of Health, OzTAM, the Department of Human Services, the Department of Veterans' Affairs, the NSW Department of Attorney General & Justice and Citibank among them. What reads as an employment history is a client list.

I also work on the current side of this. I have built an end-to-end analytics platform on Google Cloud across sixty-plus client properties; I train and fine-tune large language models; and with a collaborator I built an engine that ingests NDIS and ACCC legislation and tests real provider data against it for compliance — the same assurance problem as a migration, pointed at statute instead of a calculation engine.

I am part-way through a Master of Biostatistics at the University of Sydney, which is less a change of direction than a formalisation of what I have been doing since I was counting egg masses on spruce branches to check whether a government program worked.

My view is that AI has moved the scarce skill from writing the new code to validating it. That is the work I take on.

CertificationSAS Certified Base Programmer for SAS 9 · Applied Analytics Using SAS Enterprise Miner
DegreesBSc Computer Science, University of New Brunswick · Master of Biostatistics in progress, University of Sydney
DomainFLMI Levels I & II (LOMA) · Canadian Securities Course · Advanced Systems Analysis (ASM)
LanguagesEnglish (native) · French (working)
CitizenshipAustralian and Canadian
09Contact

Tell me what you are trying to retire.

If you have a SAS estate under review, a data platform migration in planning, or a legacy calculation engine nobody wants to touch, I am glad to talk it through — whether or not it turns into an engagement.

Email[email protected]
Phone+61 407 229 002
OfficeSurry Hills, Sydney NSW 2010
HoursMonday to Friday, Australian Eastern time